Perhatikan subjek dan kata kerja pada written test
Saat mengerjakan soal tes BUMN untuk written text bahasa Inggris, pastikan kamu selalu membaca kalimat sampai selesai.
Pasalnya, terkadang muncul kata “except” yang bisa mengelabui. Selain itu, jangan lupa untuk mencari subjek dan kata kerja kalimat.
Kumpulan Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN
Untuk membantumu mempersiapkan diri menghadapi tes bahasa Inggris pada Rekrutmen Bersama BUMN, berikut kumpulan contoh tes bahasa Inggris BUMN beserta kunci jawabannya.
Tapi, coba kamu kerjakan contoh soal bahasa Inggris di bawah ini tanpa melihat kunci jawaban dulu, ya! Setelah selesai, kamu bisa melihat dan mengoreksi pilihanmu dengan kunci jawaban yang tertulis pada bab selanjutnya. Yuk, kita pelajari bersama.
1. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 1
The manager was deeply concerned as his production numbers were _____.
2. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 2
We attended the painting exhibition _____ the rain.
3. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 3
Amanda Way’s career as a social reformer _____ in 1851 when, at an antislavery meeting in Indiana, she called for a state woman’s rights convention.
4. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 4
He _____ a book when I arrived.
5. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 5
Forests stabilize _____ and retain precipitation, thereby helping to prevent erosion and regulate the flow of streams.
6. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 6
_____ Miss Eleanor nor Mr. Park will attend the annual workshop next Thursday.
7. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 7
_____ the Dollar as its monetary unit in 1878.
C. The Canadian adoption of
D. It was adopted by Canada
8. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 8
The celesta, an orchestral percussion instrument, resembles _____.
A. As a small upright piano
B. A small upright piano is
C. How a small upright piano
D. A small upright piano
9. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 9
The history teacher _____ at school.
10. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 10
Astronomers estimate _____ called the Pleiades in the constellation Taurus is 415 light-years away from Earth.
B. That is a loose cluster of stars
C. That a loose cluster of stars
D. There is a loose cluster of stars
11. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 11
Dad: “When did you realize you had lost your wallet?”
Me: “When I _____ it to pay the conductor.”
12. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 12
The Glass Mountains of northwestern Oklahoma _____ with flecks of gypsum, which shine in the sunlight.
13. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 13
Thomas Paine, _____, wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet that identified the American colonies with the cause of liberty.
A. Whose eloquent writing
B. Writer of eloquent
D. An eloquent writer
14. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 14
The CEO is meeting with the investors, as the company would like to _____ operations.
15. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 15
One question _____ you may not have considered involves _____ low physical demands _____ computer learning. What _____ exercise? Computers certainly do not promote _____ activity.
A. About - the - of - about - physical
B. That - the - of - about - physical
C. To - that - of - about - physical
D. That - the - about - of - physical
E. Of - the - about - that - physical
16. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 16
_____, the Alpaca, is smaller than the llama and ordinarily is not used as a beast of burden.
A. A sure-footed animal
B. It is a sure-footed animal
C. That sure-footed animal
D. A sure-footed animal that
17. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 17
In the United States, _____ is generally the responsibility of municipal governments.
A. Where water treatment
C. For water treatment
D. In which water treatment
18. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 18
Although beavers rarely remain submerged for more than two minutes, they can stay underwater _____ fifteen minutes before having to surface for air.
19. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 19
Ms. Althea is a gifted speaker, and everybody … listening to her talks.
20. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 20
You are already grown up so you should be able to _____ between good and bad.
21. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 21
My friend: “Why didn’t Jane want to go home?”
Me: Her mother _____ her for causing the motorbike accident.”
22. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 22
Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.
23. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 23
Education in Indonesia is the _____ of school, government, and society.
24. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 24
Having given the prescription to the patient, _____.
A. The medicine had to be taken regularly by patient
B. The doctor told the patient to take the medicine regularly
C. The patient was told to take the medicine regularly
D. The medicine was taken regularly by the patient
25. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 25
I would have gone to your party last night if I _____ time.
26. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 26
When natural gas burns, it's _____ into atoms of carbon and hydrogen.
A. Broke up by hydrocarbon molecules
B. Broken up hydrocarbon molecules
C. Hydrocarbon molecules break up
D. Hydrocarbon molecules, breaking up
27. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 27
The great apes, a generally peaceful species _____ in groups
A. Would rather they live
C. Would rather living
D. Would rather lived
28. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 28
My brother sent his car to a garage to _____ because he could not repair it himself.
29. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 29
Don’t persuade Lara’s husband to buy her a ring, he is rather _____ over money matters.
30. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 30
_____ ballet dancers learn five basic positions for the arms and feet.
Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 31-35
For Questions 31-35, identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.
31. The ability to talk (A) is one of the skill (B) that make humans (C) different (C) from the rest of C the animal (D) world (D).
32. The outer (A) layer of the heart, called (B) the pericardium, forms (C) a sac in what (D) the heart lies.
33. Polar bears (A) are bowlegged and pigeon-toed, adaptations that enable this (B) massive animals to maintain (C) their balance as they walk (D).
34. Wood (A) from the ash tree becomes extremely flexibly (B) when it (C) is exposed (D) to steam.
35. In (A) plane geometry, the sum of the internal (B) angles of any (C) triangle has (D) always equal to 180 degrees.
36. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 36
Who _____ you information about this test?
37. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 37
_____ orbit around the centre or nuclear or the atom.
38. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 38
Thalia: “Joshua, will you close the windows? Please. I’m busy right now.”
Joshua: “I’m busy myself, but I _____ anyhow.”
A. Will ask you to close them
B. Will have to close them
C. Will have them closed
39. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 39
Some colonies of bryozoans, small marine animals, form _____ with trailing stems.
A. Which colonies creep
D. Creeping colonies are
40. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 40
We are going on a long trip, so we must _____.
A. To have the car checked
B. Have checked the car
C. Have had the car checked
D. Have the car checked
41. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 41
Mia forgot to bring her spectacles, so it was difficult for her to read the test. If she _____ her spectacles, she _____ the test.
A. Had brought - could have done
B. Didn't bring - couldn't do
D. Hadn't brought - could have done
42. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 42
We had to wait a long time to get these books back, _____?
43. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 43
She says she _____ us at the train station.
44. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 44
“Your daughter will be operated on tomorrow morning. She ____ have a good rest tonight,” the doctor said.
45. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 45
Ruth Bader Ginsburg argued six women’s rights cases before the United States Supreme Court in the 1970’s, _____.
A. Of them five winning
B. Five winning of them
C. Of five winning them
D. Winning five of them
46. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 46
John: "I'm planning to watch the football match tomorrow. But what about the weather? Do you think it will be fine?"
47. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 47
I will watch Harry Potter on Netflix as soon as I _____ my typing.
48. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 48
If I were you, I would put that meat in the refrigerator or it will _____ in this hot weather.
49. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 49
Natural selection is defined as the process ____ the course of evolution by preserving those traits best adapted for an organism’s survival.
D. Of which directs it
50. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 50
Jakarta, _____, is located in Indonesia.
A. is the largest city in Southeast Asia
B. where the largest city in Southeast Asia
C. which is the largest city in Southeast Asia
D. the largest city in Southeast Asia
51. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 51
Please be quite, I _____ to get a sleep.
52. Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris BUMN 52
The passengers of Tiger Airways _____ their flight schedule several times.
53. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 53
It was very difficult to park the car in Tunjungan Plaza as there were not any _____ parking spaces.
54. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 54
He said that he would rather not _____ it right now.
55. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 55
The economist say there is a _____ in the standard of living nowadays.
56. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 56
The way Professor Mayer teaches English not only keeps the student's interest _____.
A. And he also increases their motivation
B. But also increasing their motivation
C. And also increases their motivation
D. But also increases their motivation
57. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 57
Can you be more _____?
58. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 58
Several prominent political figures involved in the scandal _____ before the investigating committee.
A. Supposed to appear
B. Are supposed to appear
59. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 59
"I had my room cleaned" means _____.
A. I got someone to clean my house
B. I cleaned my house by myself
C. Somebody cleaned the house for someone
D. Nobody cleans the house
60. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 60
The two sisters are so _____ each other.
Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 61-62
Read this text carefully for questions 61-62!
61. What is the topic of the paragraph?
A. Spring and fail seasons in Montana
B. Winter, an extreme season in Montana
C. The life of cowboy throughout the year
D. How to care for animals in winter
62. With which of the following sentences should the paragraph end?
A. Thus, throughout the year cowboy work hard but enjoy their social life
B. Therefore, cowboys are usually considered very strong
C. That's why cowboys work very hard only during the spring and fail
D. To conclude, all cowboys are well trained and good at rodeos
63. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 63
The name "squirrel" is commonly used for those forms of the family Sciuridae that live in trees, _____ it is equally accurate for ground-dwelling types.
64. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 64
He went to the bank to _____ some money.
65. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 65
I am still waiting _____ for an interview
66. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 66
From the archeologist's perspective, understanding the past is vitally important and requires _____ of earlier cultures.
A. That the examined ruins
B. Of the ruins to be examined
C. Examining the ruins
D. Examining of the ruins
67. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 67
You should get someone to _____ the house before you decide to buy it.
68. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 68
He _____ on an airplane many times.
69. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 69
The workers were _____ in their demand for better conditions.
70. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 70
You may avoid _____ by a motorcycle by _____ on the pavement.
A. Being hitting - walking
D. Being hit - walking
Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 71-75
The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose the one word or phrase from each number that best completes the sentences.
71. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 71:
72. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 72:
B. Snapping harmlessly
C. Snapped harmlessly
D. Was harmlessly snapping
73. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 73:
74. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 74:
B. Squeals out in pain
C. Squealing out in pain
D. Squealed out in pain
75. Contoh Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 75:
A. What is roughly translated
B. Is roughly translated
C. That is rough translation
D. Roughly translates
Test Conversation Format#
The test conversation format is a format that combines both NLU data and stories into a single file for evaluation. Read more about this format in Testing Your Assistant.
This format is only used for testing and cannot be used for training.
End-to-end training is an experimental feature. We introduce experimental features to get feedback from our community, so we encourage you to try it out! However, the functionality might be changed or removed in the future. If you have feedback (positive or negative) please share it with us on the Rasa Forum.
With end-to-end training, you do not have to deal with the specific intents of the messages that are extracted by the NLU pipeline or with separate utter_ responses in the domain file. Instead, you can include the text of the user messages and/or bot responses directly in your stories. See the training data format for detailed description of how to write end-to-end stories.
You can mix training data in the end-to-end format with labeled training data which has intents and actions specified: Stories can have some steps defined by intents/actions and other steps defined directly by user or bot utterances.
We call it end-to-end training because policies can consume and predict actual text. For end-to-end user inputs, intents classified by the NLU pipeline and extracted entities are ignored.
Only Rule Policy and TED Policy allow end-to-end training.
RulePolicy uses simple string matching during prediction. Namely, rules based on user text will only match if the user text strings inside your rules and input during prediction are identical.
TEDPolicy passes user text through an additional Neural Network to create hidden representations of the text. In order to obtain robust performance you need to provide enough training stories to capture a variety of user texts for any end-to-end dialogue turn.
Rasa policies are trained for next utterance selection. The only difference to creating utter_ response is how TEDPolicy featurizes bot utterances. In case of an utter_ action, TEDPolicy sees only the name of the action, while if you provide actual utterance using bot key, TEDPolicy will featurize it as textual input depending on the NLU configuration. This can help in case of similar utterances in slightly different situations. However, this can also make things harder to learn because the fact that different utterances have similar texts make it easier for TEDPolicy to confuse these utterances.
End-to-end training requires significantly more parameters in TEDPolicy. Therefore, training an end-to-end model might require significant computational resources depending on how many end-to-end turns you have in your stories.
Kamu berencana mengikuti Rekrutmen Bersama BUMN 2024? Jika iya, sebaiknya kamu mulai mempelajari soal bahasa Inggris BUMN.
Dalam proses rekrutmen BUMN 2024, tes bahasa Inggris adalah salah satu tahapan yang harus kamu jalani jika berhasil lolos tes online pertama.
Supaya lebih siap menghadapi tes Inggris BUMN, tak ada salahnya mengenalinya dari sekarang.
Untuk itu, yuk belajar lebih awal dengan mengerjakan contoh soal tes bahasa Inggris BUMN dalam artikel ini!
Selain itu, simak juga ulasan lengkap terkait apa itu tes bahasa Inggris BUMN, struktur soal, dan kisi-kisinya.
Kerjakan soal yang mudah dulu untuk reading comprehension test
Terkait reading comprehension test, sebaiknya kamu mengerjakan soal termudah lebih dulu. Setelah ituk kamu bisa mengerjakan soal tentang ringkasan atau kesimpulan teks.
Terapkan teknik skimming dan pilihlah jawaban yang paling sesuai dengan inti teks.
Dengan mengerjakan contoh soal bahasa Inggris BUMN di atas, kamu tentu bisa lebih siap saat menjalani tes bahasa Inggris BUMN nanti.
Jangan lupa juga untuk belajar tes rekrutmen BUMN 2024 lainnya mulai dari tes kompetensi dasar, tes wawasan kebangsaan, learning agility, dan tentunya tes Core Value BUMN AKHLAK.
Semakin sering berlatih dan belajar, tentu semakin besar pula peluang kamu menyelesaikan rangkaian tes BUMN 2024 dengan baik.
Kalau kamu bingung mencari sumber pembelajaran soal Rekrutmen Bersama BUMN 2024, buka KarirKu dalam aplikasi Jobstreet.
Ada banyak konten tips & trik #LolosBUMN dari para pakar seperti Vina Muliana dan Foiman Zega, eksklusif hanya di KarirKu dalam aplikasi Jobstreet.
Jadi, tunggu apa lagi! Download aplikasi Jobstreet di Play Store atau App Store dan nikmati kemudahan mengakses informasi terbaru seputar rekrutmen BUMN atau dunia kerja lainnya dalam satu genggaman! Semoga berhasil!
A story is a representation of a conversation between a user and an AI assistant, converted into a specific format where user inputs are expressed as intents (and entities when necessary), while the assistant's responses and actions are expressed as action names.
Here's an example of a dialogue in the Rasa story format:
- story: collect restaurant booking info # name of the story - just for debugging
- intent: greet # user message with no entities
- action: utter_ask_howcanhelp
- intent: inform # user message with entities
- action: utter_on_it # action that the bot should execute
- action: utter_ask_cuisine
- action: utter_ask_num_people
While writing stories, you do not have to deal with the specific contents of the messages that the users send. Instead, you can take advantage of the output from the NLU pipeline, which lets you use just the combination of an intent and entities to refer to all the possible messages the users can send to mean the same thing.
It is important to include the entities here as well because the policies learn to predict the next action based on a combination of both the intent and entities (you can, however, change this behavior using the use_entities attribute).
All actions executed by the bot, including responses are listed in stories under the action key.
You can use a response from your domain as an action by listing it as one in a story. Similarly, you can indicate that a story should call a custom action by including the name of the custom action from the actions list in your domain.
During training, Rasa does not call the action server. This means that your assistant's dialogue management model doesn't know which events a custom action will return.
Because of this, events such as setting a slot or activating/deactivating a form have to be explicitly written out as part of the stories. For more info, see the documentation on Events.
Slot events are written under slot_was_set in a story. If this slot is set inside a custom action, add the slot_was_set event immediately following the custom action call. If your custom action resets a slot value to None, the corresponding event for that would look like this:
- story: set slot to none
# ... other story steps
- action: my_custom_action
There are three kinds of events that need to be kept in mind while dealing with forms in stories.
A form action event (e.g. - action: restaurant_form) is used in the beginning when first starting a form, and also while resuming the form action when the form is already active.
A form activation event (e.g. - active_loop: restaurant_form) is used right after the first form action event.
A form deactivation event (e.g. - active_loop: null), which is used to deactivate the form.
In order to get around the pitfall of forgetting to add events, the recommended way to write these stories is to use interactive learning.
Struktur Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN 2024
Mengacu pada soal bahasa Inggris BUMN 2023, struktur tes bahasa Inggris terdiri dari tiga aspek, yakni listening comprehension, structure and written test, serta reading comprehension.
Berikut rincian informasinya:
Pertanyaan Seputar Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN
Tes BUMN bahasa Inggris apa saja? Tes BUMN bahasa Inggris terdiri dari listening comprehension, structure and written test, serta reading comprehension.
Berapa nilai minimal tes bahasa Inggris BUMN? Dikutip dari situs FHCI Rekrutmen BUMN 204, nilai minimal atau passing grade tes bahasa Inggris BUMN 2024 adalah 450.
Tes bahasa Inggris BUMN apakah online? Ya, tes bahasa Inggris BUMN dilaksanakan secara online.
Berapa soal tes bahasa Inggris BUMN? Mengacu pada contoh soal tes bahasa Inggris BUMN 2023, total terdapat 140 soal tes bahasa Inggris
Berapa lama tes bahasa Inggris BUMN? Durasi pengerjaan tes bahasa Inggris BUMN 2023 adalah 115 menit. Kamu bisa menggunakan durasi ini sebagai patokan Rekrutmen Bersama BUMN di tahun 2024.
Terjadi kesalahan. Tunggu sebentar dan coba lagi.
Jika Anda bosan mengetik kata-kata mudah dalam tes jari cepat, Anda dapat mempersiapkan diri untuk tingkat terbaik dengan meningkatkan tingkat kesulitan. Setelah menentukan kesulitan kata, Anda akan dapat memanfaatkan pengujian diri Anda pada kata-kata yang berbeda. Apalagi jika Anda berpikir bahwa Anda memiliki lawan yang sangat tangguh dalam ujian atau kompetisi yang Anda persiapkan, Anda pasti harus mencoba metode ini.
Ada kemungkinan kata-kata sulit akan memaksa Anda dengan huruf yang berbeda, sama seperti mereka lebih kompleks! Namun, Anda dapat mengatasi kesulitan kata dengan menambah jumlah kata yang dapat Anda tulis dalam 1 menit. Anda harus melanjutkan tes sampai tes mengetik 10 jari bahasa Indonesia mencapai tingkat yang tidak mengenal saingan. Setiap hari, ratusan atau bahkan ribuan pengguna menggunakan pengujian kami untuk meningkatkan diri dan mendapatkan hasil yang luar biasa!
adjar.id - Dalam bahasa Inggris, terdapat berbagai istilah yang bisa digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan rasa makanan atau food flavour.
Contohnya untuk mendeskripsikan rasa asam, kita bisa menggunakan kata acidic untuk rasa yang sangat asam.
Sedangkan rasa asam yang wajar, kita bisa menggunakan istilah sour.
Nah, rasa asam yang cenderung sedikit atau tipis, kita bisa menggunakan istilah tart.
Apa lagi istilah yang bisa digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan rasa makanan dalam bahasa Inggris, ya?
Istilah Bahasa Inggris untuk Mendeskripsikan Rasa Makanan
Pahit = Rasa tajam yang kuat yang tidak manis
Baca Juga: 20 Tekstur Makanan atau Food Texture dalam Bahasa Inggris
Pahit manis = Mencicipi pahit dan manis pada saat bersamaan
Pedas = Mengandung banyak bumbu yang menimbulkan rasa panas di mulut
Kuat = Dibiarkan mengembangkan rasa kuat yang menyenangkan
Ringan = Tidak memiliki rasa yang kuat
Matang = Memiliki rasa yang kuat
Baca Juga: Contoh Percakapan Mendeskripsikan Makanan dalam Bahasa Inggris
Kuat dan kaya rasa = Memiliki banyak rasa
Gurih = Terasa garam atau bumbu dan tidak manis
Dibumbui dengan baik = Mengandung bumbu untuk meningkatkan cita rasa
Tajam = Memiliki rasa yang kuat dan pahit
Asam = Rasa asam seperti lemon
Pedas = Memiliki rasa pedas yang kuat
Baca Juga: Percakapan Memesan Makanan dengan Menggunakan Bahasa Inggris
Manis dan asam = Mengandung rasa manis dan asam
Seperti sirup = Kental, manis, dan lengket
Asam = Rasa yang sedikit asam
Tidak asin = Tidak dibumbui dengan garam
Berair = Pucat atau tidak kuat rasa
Itu dia beberapa istilah yang bisa digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan rasa makanan, Adjarian.
Baca Juga: Cara Memuji Rasa Makanan dalam Bahasa Inggris serta Contoh Percakapannya
Tips Mengerjakan Soal Tes Bahasa Inggris BUMN
Untuk meningkatkan peluang lolos tes bahasa Inggris BUMN, kamu tentu harus rajin berlatih. Berikut adalah beberapa tips penting yang bisa kamu terapkan untuk menghadapi tes bahasa Inggris BUMN:
Listening Comprehension
Aspek satu ini bertujuan menguji pemahamanmu terhadap percakapan Inggris. Saat tes, kamu akan mendengarkan materi audio berupa percakapan panjang, percakapan pendek, dan monolog panjang.
Terdapat 50 soal dengan waktu pengerjaan 35 menit.
Checkpoints and OR statements#
Checkpoints and OR statements should be used with caution, if at all. There is usually a better way to achieve what you want by using Rules or the ResponseSelector.
You can use checkpoints to modularize and simplify your training data. Checkpoints can be useful, but do not overuse them. Using lots of checkpoints can quickly make your example stories hard to understand, and will slow down training.
Here is an example of stories that contain checkpoints:
- story: beginning of flow
- action: action_ask_user_question
- checkpoint: check_asked_question
- story: handle user affirm
- checkpoint: check_asked_question
- action: action_handle_affirmation
- checkpoint: check_flow_finished
- story: handle user deny
- checkpoint: check_asked_question
- action: action_handle_denial
- checkpoint: check_flow_finished
- checkpoint: check_flow_finished
- action: utter_goodbye
Unlike regular stories, checkpoints are not restricted to starting with user input. As long as the checkpoint is inserted at the right points in the main stories, the first event can be a custom action or a response as well.
Another way to write shorter stories, or to handle multiple intents or slot events the same way, is to use an or statement. For example, if you ask the user to confirm something, and you want to treat the affirm and thankyou intents in the same way. The story below will be converted into two stories at training time:
- action: utter_ask_confirm
- action: action_handle_affirmation
You can also use or statements with slot events. The following means the story requires that the current value for the name slot is set and is either joe or bob:
- action: utter_greet
or statements can be useful, but if you are using a lot of them, it is probably better to restructure your domain and/or intents. Overusing OR statements will slow down training.
